Despite the strong emphasis of the government to make India open Defecation free by 2019, open defecation is widespread in India. It is equally widespread in the state of Uttar Pradesh. It is known that good health has a strong impact on the overall productivity of an individual. It is also known that good sanitation and hygiene conditions are prere of good health. People are not willing to change their habits and behaviour for healthy sanitation practices. Despite repeated efforts of the government to change the behavior of people regarding construction and use of toilets, people are not changing their habits. Our report presents evidence from the survey data collected from the rural households of Suriyawan block from Bhikarirampur village of Bhadohi district of Uttar Pradesh. More than 70 percent of the people we interviewed, told that they do not have enough money for constructing toilet because more than 75 percent of the people think that constructing a toilet requires anything between INR 20,000-30,000. They do not have the idea about the low cost toilets, which they could have easily afforded and used. Also there is a widespread belief among people that the low-cost twin-pits toilets constructed by the government are of inferior quality. Families having working toilets inside home also had at least one member who defecates out in the open. We found that there are many false beliefs among people about open defecation. They possess the mind-set that open defecation improves their health as they get fresh air and defecate in the open in open space. Females believe that using household toilets causes headache and sickness. Many believe that household toilets require more water, therefore it’s better to defecate in the open. Male members considered household toilet are for only females. Another important finding was a lot of people do not want to construct a toilet because they think maintenance and cleanliness of the latrine is a big headache. These findings suggest that stakeholders need to intensify and stress the Behaviour change communication strategies to nullify the widespread false beliefs among people regarding toilet use.

Covid-19 is a disease which is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus of coronaviridae family. World health organization (WHO) declared it a pandemic during March 2020 since it affected many countries globally. The rise of artificial intelligence is posing a significant role in this crisis and they are acting as a savior of humanity. Here in this review paper, the ideology of artificial intelligence that strengths the medical imaging tools in the detection and diagnosis of the infected individuals was focused. The usage of machine learning algorithms for the possible case identification of COVID-19 individuals using a mobile phone-web survey was also discussed. By the study, it was highlighted that the strategies of artificial intelligence are also inevitable to limit the spread of COVID-19 in susceptible populations to enhance the diagnosis therapy using nuclear imaging techniques.

At present, the Covid-19 pandemic has become the most serious issue of concern not only for health but for the economy as well. The impact of this pandemic is felt by the global economy and India is not an exception to it. Given the characteristics of the Indian economy informal sector is a stringent affected sector of the economy, quantitatively as well as qualitatively. Through this paper, we are trying to understand the nature and structure of the informal sector and examine the impact of Covid -19 on the informal sector as well as on the supply chain in the Indian economy with some policy implications for the survival of the informal sector in the future.

COVID-19 is spreading not only human suffering worldwide but Economic suffering too. Worldwide economists are trying to answer how, and how far and fast, will the economic damage spread? How horrific will it be? How long will the damage last? What will be the feasible mechanisms to mitigate the economic contagion? And, above all, what can Governments do to restore the situation? And India is not an exception to it. In this paper, we are trying to understand the Covid 19 in the background of established economic theories and the consequent Indian Economy.

Coronavirus (Covid 19) is the most contagious disease which was spread from China. China is the epicenter of dangerous disease. The majority of contagious diseases are caused by China. The measures taken to control the same were not that easy in earlier days. The World Health Organization plays an important role in confirming any disease and about the virulence of the disease in any country. But it is alleged to be failed in the case of COVID 19. This paper focuses on the possible reasons for the outbreak of the pandemic, its impact on the global economy, and the Indian Economy and also attempts to suggest measures to the government and public in order to reduce the severity of the impact. The paper is based only on the secondary data which are mainly the reports collected from the media, social media, newspapers and other literatures.